常见外贸英文缩写及其含义
A组
A.R-All Risks 一切险 ANER 亚洲北美东行运费协定 Asia NorthAmerica EastboundRate AWB: airway bill 空运提单 ATTNattention a/caccount no. AWB-airway bill
B组
B.D.I-Both Days Inclusive 包括头尾两天 BAF 燃油附加费 Bunker AdjustmentFactor BAF 燃油附加费,大多数航线都有,但标准不一。 B/L 海运提单 Bill of Lading B/ldg.B/L Bill of Lading 提单 Bs/LBills of Lading 提单 (复数) B/R 买价 Buying Rate Bal.Balance 差额 bar.brl.barrel 桶; 琵琶桶 B.B. clause-Both to blame collision clause 船舶互撞条款 B/C-Bills for collection 托收单据 B.C.before Christ 公元前 b.d.brought down 转下 B.D.Bank draft 银行汇票 Bill Discounted- 贴现票据 b.d.i.both dates inclusive 包括首尾两日 bdle. ; bdl.bundle 把; 捆 b.e. ; B/E ; B. EX.-Bill of Exchange 汇票 B.f.Brought forward 接下页 B/G-Bonded goods 保税货物 bg. ; b/s-bag(s) 袋 bkg.backing 银行业务 bkt.basket 篮; 筐 bl.; bls.-bale(s) 包 Blading-Bill of Lading 提单 bldg.-building 大厦 bls.Bales 包 barrels 桶 bot. ; bott. ; btlbottle 瓶 br.-br 商标; 牌 Brkge.breakage 破碎 brls.-barrels 桶 ; 琵琶桶 b/s-bags; bales 袋 ; 包 btl.bottle 瓶 bu.-bushel 蒲式耳 bx.-box 箱 bxs.boxes 箱 (复数) 盒 (复数) Bal.-Ballance 余额
C组
CFR 成本加运费(……指定目的港) CFR(cost freight)成本加运费价 C&F(成本加运费):COST AND FREIGHT C&F 成本加海运费 COST AND FREIGHT CIF 成本、保险费加运费付至(……指定目的港) CIF 成本,保险加海运费 COST,INSURANCE,FRIGHT CIF(成本运费加保险,俗称“到岸价”):COST INSURANCE AND FREIGHT CPT 运费付至(……指定目的港) CPT 运费付至目的地 Carriage Paid To CIP 运费、保险费付至(……指定目的地) CIP 运费、保险费付至目的地 Carriage Insurance Paid To COD: cash on delivery/collect on delivery 货到付款 CCA: current cost accounting 现实成本会计 Contract change authorization 合同更改批准 Changed carriage advice 变更货运通知 CY/CY 整柜交货(起点/终点) C.Y. 货柜场 Container Yard CY(码头):CONTAINER YARD CFS(场):CARGO FREIGHT STATION C/D (customs declaration)报关单 C.C.(运费到付):COLLECT C.C 运费到付 Collect C.C.O.V 价值产地联合证明书 CCPIT 中国国际贸易促进委员会 CNTR NO. (柜号):CONTAINER NUMBER C.O (certificate of origin)一般原产地证 CTN/CTNS(carton/cartons)纸箱 C.S.C 货柜服务费 Container Service Charge C/(CNEE) 收货人 Consignee C/O 产地证 Certificate of Origin CAF 货币汇率附加费 Currency Adjustment Factor CFS 散货仓库 Container Freight Station CFS/CFS 散装交货(起点/终点) CHB 报关行 Customs House Broker COMM 商品 Commodity CTNR 柜子 Container c/- (or c/s)-cases 箱 ca.; c/s; cs.casecases 箱 C.A.D.; C/Dcash against documents 付款交单 C.A.F.-Cost,Assurance Freight -(=C.I.F.) 成本加保费. 运费价 canc.cancel cancelled,cancellation取消 ; 注销 canclg.cancelling 取消 ; 注销 cat.-catalogue 商品目录 C/Bclean bill 光票 C.B.D.-cash before delivery 先付款后交单 c.c.-cubic centimetre 立方厘米 ;立方公分 c.c.-carbon copy 复写纸;副本 (指复写纸复印的) C.C.-Chamber of Commerce 商会 C.C.I.B.-China Commodity Inspection Bureau 中国商品检验局 C/dcarried down 转下 cent-centum(L.) 一百 Cert. ; Certif.certificate ; certified 证明书; 证明 c.f.-Cubic feet 立方英尺 C/fCarried forward 接后; 结转 (下页 ) cf.confer 商议; Compare 比较 CFS; C.F.S.Container Freight Station 集装箱中转站; 货运站 Cg.Centigramme 公毫 C.G.A.-Cargo's proportion of General Average 共同海损分摊额 cgo.-cargo 货物 chges.-charges 费用 Chq.-Cheque支票 C.I.-Certificate of Insurance 保险凭证; -Consular Invoice 领事发票; 领事签证 C.I.F. & C.Cost lnsurance Freight & Commission 成本. 保险费加运费. 佣金价格 C.I.F. & E.Cost Insurance Freight & Exchange 成本. 保险费 . 运费加汇费的价格 C.I.F. & I-Cost Insurance Freight & Interest 成本. 保险费. 运费加利息的价格 C.I.O.-Cash in Order; Cash with order 订货时付款 cks.-casks 桶 cl.class; clause 级; 条款; 项 CLPContainer Load Plan 集装箱装箱单 cm-centimetre 厘米; 公分 cm2square centimetre 平方厘米; 平方公分 cm3cubic centimetre 立方厘米; 立方公分 CMB国际公路货物运输条约 CMIComit'e Maritime International 国际海事委员会 c/ncover note 暂保单; 预保单 CNC新集装箱运输 Co.Company 公司 c/ocare of 转交 C/O ; c.o.-Certificate of origin 产地证明书 c.o.d. C.O.D.-Cash on deliveryCollection delivery 货到付款 COFC-Container on Flat Car 平板车装运集装箱 Com.-Commission 佣金 Con.inv.-Consular invoice 领事签证发票 Cont. ; Contr.-Contract 合同; 合约 Contd.-Cotinued 继续; 续 (上页 ) Contg.-containing 内容 Corp. ; Corpn. ; cor.corporation 公司 ; 法人 C/P ; c. py.-charter party 租船契约 C.Q.D.-Customary Quick Despatch 按习惯速度装卸 Cr.Credit 贷方; 信用证; Creditor 债权人 Crt.-crate 板条箱 Ct.Cent 人 ; Current 当前; 目前 Credit-贷方; 信用证 C.T.D.-Combined transport document 联合运输单据 CT B/L-Combined transport bill of Iading 联合运输提单 C.T.O.-Combined transport operator 联合运输经营人 cu. cm. ; cb. cm-cubic centimetre 立方厘米; 立方公分 cu. in. ; cb. in.cubic inch 立方寸 cu.m. ; cb. m.-cubic metre 立方米; 立方公尺 cu.ft. ; cb.ft.cubic foot 立方英尺 cur. ;-Curt current (this month) 本月 cur.-currency 币制 cu.yd. ; cb. yd.-cubic yard 立方码 C.W.O.-cash with order 订货时付款 c.w.t. ; cwt.hundredweight 英担 (122磅) CY-Container Yard 集装箱堆场
D组
DDU: delivery duty unpaid 未完税交货 DDP: delivery duty prepaid 完税交货 DAF 边境交货(……指定地点) DAF 边境交货 Delivered At Frontier DES 目的港船上交货(……指定目的港) DES 目的港船上交货 Delivered Ex Ship DEQ 目的港码头交货(……指定目的港) DEQ 目的港码头交货 Delivered Ex Quay DDU 未完税交货(……指定目的地) DDU 未完税交货 Delivered Duty Unpaid DDC、IAC 直航附加费,美加航线使用 DDC 目的港码头费 Destination Delivery Charge DL/DLS(dollar/dollars)美元 D/P(document against payment)付款交单 D/P 付款交单 Document Against Payment DOC (document)文件、单据 DOC(文件费):DOCUMENT CHARGE Doc# 文件号码 Document Number D/A (document against acceptance)承兑交单 D/A 承兑交单 Document Against Acceptance DOZ/DZ(dozen)一打 D/O 到港通知 Delivery Order DDC: destination distribution charge 目的分送费 DOC: Direct Operating Cost 直接操作费
E组
EXW 工厂交货(……指定地点) Ex 工厂交货 Work/ExFactory ETA(到港日):ESTIMATED TIME OF ARRIVAL ETD(开船日):ESTIMATED TIME OF DELIVERY ETC(截关日):ESTIMATED TIME OF CLOSING EBS、EBA 部分航线燃油附加费的表示方式,EBS一般是澳洲航线使用, EBA一般 是非洲航线、中南美航线使用 EXP(export)出口 EA(each)每个,各 EPS 设备位置附加费 Equipment Position Surcharges
F组
FCA 货交承运人(……指定地点) FCA 货交承运人 Free Carrier FAS 船边交货(……指定装运港) FOB 船上交货(……指定装运港) FOB 船上交货 Free On Board FOB (离岸价):FREE ON BOARD CIF(成本运费加保险,俗称“到岸价”):COST INSURANCE AND FREIGHT FCL(整箱货):FULL CONTAINER CARGO LOAD FCL 整柜 Full Container Load FAF 燃油价调整附加费(日本航线专用) FAF 燃料附加费 Fuel AdjustmentFactor FAC(facsimile)传真 Form A -产地证(贸易公司) F/F 货运代理 Freight Forwarder FAK 各种货品 Freight All Kind FAS 装运港船边交货 Free Alongside Ship Feeder Vessel/Lighter 驳船航次 FEU 40‘柜型 Forty-Foot Equivalent Unit 40’ FMC 联邦海事委员会 Federal Maritime Commission FIO是FREE IN AND OUT的意思,指船公司不付装船和卸船费用 FIOST条款指船公司不负责装卸平舱理舱 FI是FREE IN的意思,指船公司不付装 FO是FREE OUT的意思,同理指船公司不付卸 FAS: free alongside ship 启运港船边交货 F/P: fire policy 火灾保险 FOC: free of charges 免费 FOD: free of damage 损坏不赔 FOI: free of interest 无息 FOP: free on plane 飞机上交货 FOQ: free on quay 码头交货 F/D: free docks 码头交货 FAA: free of all average 全损赔偿 FOR: free on rail 铁路交货(价) FOT: free on truck 货车上交货(价) F.O.: free out 船方不负责卸货费用 F/L: freight list 运费单,运价表
G组
GRI 综合费率上涨附加费,一般是南美航线、美国航线使用 GRI 全面涨价 General RateIncrease G.W.(gross weight)毛重 G.W.(gross weight)毛重 G.S.P.(generalized system of preferences)普惠制
ANER 亚洲北美东行运费协定 Asia NorthAmerica EastboundRate
B组
BAF 燃油附加费 Bunker AdjustmentFactor BAF 燃油附加费,大多数航线都有,但标准不一。 B/L 海运提单 Bill of Lading B/R 买价 Buying Rate
C组(主要运费已付)
CFR 成本加运费(……指定目的港) CFR(cost freight)成本加运费价 C&F(成本加运费):COST AND FREIGHT C&F 成本加海运费 COST AND FREIGHT CIF 成本、保险费加运费付至(……指定目的港) CIF 成本,保险加海运费 COST,INSURANCE,FRIGHT CIF(成本运费加保险,俗称“到岸价”):COST INSURANCE AND FREIGHT FOB (离岸价):FREE ON BOARD CPT 运费付至(……指定目的港) CPT 运费付至目的地 Carriage Paid To CIP 运费、保险费付至(……指定目的地) CIP 运费、保险费付至目的地 Carriage Insurance Paid To CY/CY 整柜交货(起点/终点) C.Y. 货柜场 Container Yard CY(码头):CONTAINER YARD CFS(场):CARGO FREIGHT STATION C/D (customs declaration)报关单 C.C.(运费到付):COLLECT C.C 运费到付 Collect CNTR NO. (柜号):CONTAINER NUMBER C.O (certificate of origin)一般原产地证 CTN/CTNS(carton/cartons)纸箱 C.S.C 货柜服务费 Container Service Charge C/(CNEE) 收货人 Consignee C/O 产地证 Certificate of Origin CAF 货币汇率附加费 Currency Adjustment Factor CFS 散货仓库 Container Freight Station CFS/CFS 散装交货(起点/终点) CHB 报关行 Customs House Broker COMM 商品 Commodity CTNR 柜子 Container
D组(到达)
DAF 边境交货(……指定地点) DAF 边境交货 Delivered At Frontier DES 目的港船上交货(……指定目的港) DES 目的港船上交货 Delivered Ex Ship DEQ 目的港码头交货(……指定目的港) DEQ 目的港码头交货 Delivered Ex Quay DDU 未完税交货(……指定目的地) DDU 未完税交货 Delivered Duty Unpaid DDP 完税后交货(……指定目的地) DDP 完税后交货 Delivered Duty Paid DDC、IAC 直航附加费,美加航线使用 DDC 目的港码头费 Destination Delivery Charge DL/DLS(dollar/dollars)美元 D/P(document against payment)付款交单 D/P 付款交单 Document Against Payment DOC (document)文件、单据 DOC(文件费):DOCUMENT CHARGE Doc# 文件号码 Document Number D/A (document against acceptance)承兑交单 D/A 承兑交单 Document Against Acceptance DOZ/DZ(dozen)一打 D/O 到港通知 Delivery Order
E组(发货)
EXW 工厂交货(……指定地点) Ex 工厂交货 Work/ExFactory ETA(到港日):ESTIMATED TIME OF ARRIVAL ETD(开船日):ESTIMATED TIME OF DELIVERY ETC(截关日):ESTIMATED TIME OF CLOSING EBS、EBA 部分航线燃油附加费的表示方式,EBS一般是澳洲航线使用, EBA一般 是非洲航线、中南美航线使用 EXP(export)出口 EA(each)每个,各 EPS 设备位置附加费 Equipment Position Surcharges
F组(主要运费未付)
FCA 货交承运人(……指定地点) FCA 货交承运人 Free Carrier FAS 船边交货(……指定装运港) FOB 船上交货(……指定装运港) FOB 船上交货 Free On Board FOB (离岸价):FREE ON BOARD CIF(成本运费加保险,俗称“到岸价”):COST INSURANCE AND FREIGHT FCL(整箱货):FULL CONTAINER CARGO LOAD FCL 整柜 Full Container Load LCL(拼箱货):LESS THAN ONECONTAINER CARGO LOAD FAF 燃油价调整附加费(日本航线专用) FAF 燃料附加费 Fuel AdjustmentFactor FAC(facsimile)传真 Form A -产地证(贸易公司) F/F 货运代理 Freight Forwarder FAK 各种货品 Freight All Kind FAS 装运港船边交货 Free Alongside Ship Feeder Vessel/Lighter 驳船航次 FEU 40‘柜型 Forty-Foot Equivalent Unit 40’ FMC 联邦海事委员会 Federal Maritime Commission FIO是FREE IN AND OUT的意思,指船公司不付装船和卸船费用 FIOST条款指船公司不负责装卸平舱理舱 FI是FREE IN的意思,指船公司不付装 FO是FREE OUT的意思,同理指船公司不付卸
G组
GRI 综合费率上涨附加费,一般是南美航线、美国航线使用 GRI 全面涨价 General RateIncrease G.W.(gross weight)毛重 G.W.(gross weight)毛重 N.W.(net weight)净重 G.S.P.(generalized system of preferences)普惠制
H组
HB/L(货代提单):HOUSE BILL OF LADING HBL 子提单 House B/L H/C 代理费 Hling Charge
I 组
IFA 临时燃油附加费,某些航线临时使用 INT(international)国际的 INV (invoice)发票 IMP(import)进口 I/S 内销售 Inside Sales IA 各别调价 Independent Action
J 组
JP-代表“日元”
L组
FCL(整箱货):FULL CONTAINER CARGO LOAD LCL(拼箱货):LESS THAN ONECONTAINER CARGO LOAD LCL 拼柜 Less Than Container Load L/C (letter of credit)信用证 L/C 信用证 Letter of Credit L Bridge 陆桥
M 组
MB/L 主提单 Master Bill Of Loading MIN (minimum)最小的,最低限度 M/V(merchant vessel)商船 MT或M/T(metric ton)公吨 M/T 尺码吨(即货物收费以尺码计费) Measurement Ton MAX (maximum)最大的、最大限度的 M 或MED (medium)中等,中级的 MLB 小陆桥,自一港到另一港口 Minni L Bridge Mother Vessel 主线船 MTD 多式联运单据 Multimodal Transport Document
N组
NOVCC(无船承运人):NON VESSEL OPRERATING COMMON CARRIER NVOCC 无船承运人 Non Vessel OperatingCommon Carrier N.W.(net weight)净重 N/F 通知人 Notify
O组
O/F 海运费 Ocean Freight O/F(海运费):OCEAN FREIGHT ORC(广东地区原产地收货费):ORIGINAL RECEIVING CHARGE OB/L(海运提单):OCEAN BILL OF LADING OBL 海运提单 Ocean (or original )B/L ORC 本地出口附加费,和SPS类似,一般在华南地区使用 ORC 本地收货费用(广东省收取) Origen Recevie Charges OCP 货主自行安排运到内陆点 Overl Continental Point OP 操作 Operation
P组
POD 目地港 Port Of Destination POL 装运港 Port Of Loading PSS 旺季附加费 Peak Season Sucharges PSS(旺季附加费):PEAK CEASON SURCHARGE PSS 旺季附加费,大多数航线在运输旺季时可能临时使用 REF (reference)参考、查价 RMB(renminbi)人民币 PR或PRC(price) 价格 P/P(运费预付):FREIGHT PREPAID P.P 预付 Prepaid PCS 港口拥挤附加费,一般是以色列、印度某些港口及中南美航线使用 PCS 港口拥挤附加费 Port Congestion Surcharge PTF 巴拿马运河附加费,美国航线、中南美航线使用 PKG(package)一包,一捆,一扎,一件等 PCE/PCS(piece/pieces)只、个、支等 P/L (packing list)装箱单、明细表 PCT (percent)百分比 PUR (purchase)购买、购货
S组
S/O(订舱单):SHIPPING ORDER S/O 装货指示书 Shipping Order SEAL NO. (铅封号) S/C(sales contract)销售确认书 S/C 售货合同 Sales Contract SC 服务合同 Service Contract STL.(style)式样、款式、类型 SPS 上海港口附加费(船挂上港九区、十区) S.S(steamship)船运 S/M (shipping marks)装船标记 S/(Shpr) 发货人 Shipper S/R 卖价 Selling Rate S/S Spread Sheet Spread Sheet SSL 船公司 Steam Ship Line SDR special drawing rights 特别提款权
T组
THC(码头费):TERMINAL HANDLING CHARGE THC 码头操作费(香港收取) Terminal Hling Charges T/T(电汇):TELEGRAM TRANSIT T/T 航程 Transit Time T/T(telegraphic transfer)电汇 T.O.C 码头操作费 Terminal Operations Option T.R.C 码头收柜费 Terminal Receiving Charge T/S 转船,转运 Trans-Ship TVC/ TVR 定期定量合同 Time Volume Contract/ Rate TEU 20‘柜型 Twenty-Foot Equivalent Unit 20’ TTL 总共 Total T或LTX或TX(telex)电传
V组
VESSEL/VOYAGE(船名/航次) VOCC 船公司 Vessel Operating Common Carrier
W组
W (with)具有 WT(weight)重量 W/T 重量吨(即货物收费以重量计费) Weight Ton w/o(without)没有 W/M 即以重量吨或者尺码吨中从高收费 WeightMeasurement ton
Y组
YAS 日元升值附加费(日本航线专用) YAS 码头附加费 Yard Surcharges HS-Code 海关编码即HS编码,为编码协调制度的简称The Harmonization Code
出口信贷 export credit 出口津贴 export subsidy 商品倾销 dumping 外汇倾销 exchange dumping 优惠关税 special preferences 保税仓库 bonded warehouse 贸易顺差 favorable balance of trade 贸易逆差 unfavorable balance of trade 进口配额制 import quotas 自由贸易区 free trade zone 对外贸易值 value of foreign trade 国际贸易值 value of international trade 普遍优惠制 generalized system of preferences-GSP 最惠国待遇 most-favored nation treatment-MFNT
-价格条件
价格术语trade term (price term) 运费freight 单价 price 码头费wharfage 总值 total value 卸货费ling charges 金额 amount 关税customs duty 净价 net price 印花税stamp duty 含佣价price including commission 港口税portdues 回佣return commission 装运港portof shipment 折扣discountallowance 卸货港port of discharge 批发价 wholesale price 目的港portof destination 零售价 retail price 进口许口证inportlicence 现货价格spot price 出口许口证exportlicence 期货价格forward price 现行价格(时价)current price prevailingprice 国际市场价格 world (International)Marketprice 离岸价(船上交货价)FOB-free on board 成本加运费价(离岸加运费价) C&F-cost freight 到岸价(成本加运费、保险费价)CIF-costinsurance freighte
交货条件
交货delivery 轮船steamship(缩写S.S) 装运、装船shipment 租船charter (the chartered shep) 交货时间 time of delivery 定程租船voyage charter; 装运期限time of shipment 定期租船time charter 托运人(一般指出口商)shipperconsignor 收货人consignee 班轮regular shipping liner 驳船lighter 舱位shipping space 油轮tanker 报关clearance of goods 陆运收据cargo receipt 提货to take delivery of goods 空运提单airway bill 正本提单original BL 选择港(任意港)optional port 选港费optional charges 选港费由买方负担 optional charges to be borne by the Buyers 或 optional charges for Buyers account 一月份装船 shipment during January 或 January shipment 一月底装船 shipment not later than Jan.31st.或shipment onbefore Jan.31st. 一/二月份装船 shipment during Jan./Feb.或 Jan./Feb. shipment 在......(时间)分两批装船 shipment during....in two lots 在......(时间)平均分两批装船 shipment during....in two equal lots 分三个月装运 in three monthly shipments 分三个月,每月平均装运 in three equal monthly shipments 立即装运 immediate shipments 即期装运 prompt shipments 收到信用证后30天内装运 shipments within 30 days after receipt of L/C 允许分批装船 partial shipment not allowed partial shipment not permitted partial shipment not unacceptable
-交易磋商、合同签订- 订单 indent 订货;订购 book; booking 电复 cable reply 实盘 firm offer 递盘 bid; bidding 递实盘 bid firm 还盘 counter offer 发盘(发价) offer 发实盘 offer firm 询盘(询价) inquiry;enquiry
-交易磋商、合同签订-
指示性价格 price indication 速复 reply immediately 参考价 reference price 习惯做法 usual practice 交易磋商 business negotiation 不受约束 without engagement 业务洽谈 business discussion 限**复 subject to reply ** 限* *复到 subject to reply reaching here ** 有效期限 time of validity 有效至**: valid till ** 购货合同 purchase contract 销售合同 sales contract 购货确认书 purchase confirmation 销售确认书 sales confirmation 一般交易条件 general terms conditions 以未售出为准 subject to prior sale 需经卖方确认 subject to sellers confirmation 需经我方最后确认 subject to our final confirmation
贸易方式
(拍卖auction) 寄售consignment 招标invitation of tender 投标submission of tender 一般代理人agent 总代理人general agent 代理协议agency agreement 累计佣金accumulative commission 补偿贸易compensation trade (或抵偿贸易)compensating/compensatory trade (又叫:往返贸易) counter trade 来料加工processing on giving materials 来料装配assembling on provided parts 独家经营/专营权exclusive right 独家经营/包销/代理协议exclusivity agreement 独家代理 sole agency; sole agent; exclusive agency; exclusive agent
-品质条件-
品质 quality 原样 original sample 规格 specifications 复样 duplicate sample 说明 description 对等样品 countersample 标准 stard type 参考样品 reference sample 商品目录 catalogue 封样 sealed sample 宣传小册 pamphlet 公差 tolerance 货号 article No. 花色(搭配) assortment 样品 sample 增减 plusminus 代表性样品 representative sample 大路货(良好平均品质)fair average quality
商检仲裁-
索赔 claim 争议disputes 罚金条款 penalty 仲裁arbitration 不可抗力 force Majeure 仲裁庭arbitral tribunal 产地证明书certificate of origin 品质检验证书 inspection certificate of quanlity 重量检验证书 inspection certificate of weight (quantity) **商品检验局 **commodity inspection bureau (*.C.I.B) 品质、重量检验证书 inspection certificate
-数量条件- 个数 number 净重 net weight 容积 capacity 毛作净 gross for net 体积 volume 皮重 tare 毛重 gross weight 溢短装条款 moreless clause
-外 汇-
外汇 foreign exchange 法定贬值 devaluation 外币 foreign currency 法定升值 revaluation 汇率 rate of exchange 浮动汇率floating rate 国际收支 balance of payments 硬通货 hard currency 直接标价 direct quotation 软通货 soft currency 间接标价 indirect quotation 金平价 gold stard 买入汇率 buying rate 通货膨胀 inflation 卖出汇率 selling rate 固定汇率 fixed rate 金本位制度 gold stard 黄金输送点 gold points 铸币平价 mint par 纸币制度 paper money system 国际货币基金 international monetary fund 黄金外汇储备 gold foreign exchange reserve 汇率波动的官定上下限 official upper lower limits of fluctuation
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