贸易方式词汇
stocks 存货，库存量
cash sale 现货
purchase 购买，进货
bulk sale 整批销售，趸售
distribution channels 销售渠道
wholesale 批发
retail trade 零售业
hire-purchase 分期付款购买
fluctuate in line with market conditions 随行就市
unfair competition 不合理竞争
dumping 商品倾销
dumping profit margin 倾销差价，倾销幅度
antidumping 反倾销
customs bond 海关担保
chain debts 三角债
freight forwarder 货运代理
trade consultation 贸易磋商
mediation of dispute 商业纠纷调解
partial shipment 分批装运
restraint of trade 贸易管制
RTA (Regional Trade Arrangements) 区域贸易安排
favorable balance of trade 贸易顺差
unfavorable balance of trade 贸易逆差
special preferences 优惠关税
bonded warehouse 保税仓库
transit trade 转口贸易
tariff barrier 关税壁垒
tax rebate 出口退税
TBT (Technical Barriers to Trade) 技术性贸易壁垒
贸易伙伴术语
trade partner 贸易伙伴
manufacturer 制造商，制造厂
middleman 中间商，经纪人
dealer 经销商
wholesaler 批发商
retailer, tradesman 零售商
merchant 商人，批发商，零售商
concessionaire, licensed dealer 受让人，特许权获得者
consumer 消费者，用户
client, customer 顾客，客户
buyer 买主，买方
carrier 承运人
consignee 收货人
进出口贸易词汇
commerce, trade, trading 贸易
inland trade, home trade, domestic trade 国内贸易
international trade 国际贸易
foreign trade, external trade 对外贸易，外贸
import, importation 进口
importer 进口商
export, exportation 出口
exporter 出口商
import licence 进口许口证
export licence 出口许口证
commercial transaction 买卖，交易
inquiry 询盘
delivery 交货
order 订货
make a complete entry 正式/完整申报
bad account 坏帐
Bill of Lading 提单
marine bills of lading 海运提单
shipping order 托运单
blank endorsed 空白背书
endorsed 背书
cargo receipt 承运货物收据
condemned goods 有问题的货物
catalogue 商品目录
customs liquidation 清关
customs clearance 结关
国际贸易英语词汇集锦一
贸易价格术语
trade term / price term 价格术语
world / international market price 国际市场价格
FOB (free on board) 离岸价
C&F (cost and freight) 成本加运费价
CIF (cost, insurance and freight) 到岸价
freight 运费
wharfage 码头费
landing charges 卸货费
customs duty 关税
port dues 港口税
import surcharge 进口附加税
import variable duties 进口差价税
commission 佣金
return commission 回佣，回扣
price including commission 含佣价
net price 净价
wholesale price 批发价
discount / allowance 折扣
retail price 零售价
spot price 现货价格
current price 现行价格 / 时价
indicative price 参考价格
customs valuation 海关估价
price list 价目表
total value 总值
贸易保险术语
All Risks 一切险
F.P.A. (Free from Particular Average) 平安险
W.A. / W.P.A (With Average or With Particular Average) 水渍险
War Risk 战争险
F.W.R.D. (Fresh Water Rain Damage) 淡水雨淋险
Risk of Intermixture and Contamination 混杂、玷污险
Risk of Leakage 渗漏险
Risk of Odor 串味险
Risk of Rust 锈蚀险
Shortage Risk 短缺险
T.P.N.D. ( Theft, Pilferage & Non-delivery) 偷窃提货不着险
Strikes Risk 罢工险
贸易机构词汇
WTO (World Trade Organization) 世界贸易组织
IMF (International Monetary Fund) 国际货币基金组织
CTG (Council for Trade in Goods) 货币贸易理事会
EFTA (European Free Trade Association) 欧洲自由贸易联盟
AFTA (ASEAN Free Trade Area) 东盟自由贸易区
JCCT (China-US Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade) 中美商贸联委会
NAFTA (North American Free Trade Area) 北美自由贸易区
UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) 联合国贸易与发展会议
GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) 关贸总协定
商务合同英译应注意的问题(2)
二、慎重处理合同的关键细目
实践证明，英译合同中容易出现差错的地方，一般来说，不是大的陈述性条款。而恰恰是一些关键的细目．比如：金钱、时间、数量等。为了避免出差错，在英译合同时，常常使用一些有限定作用的结构来界定细目所指定的确切范围。
3.1 限定责任
众所周知，合同中要明确规定双方的责任。为英译出双方责任的权限与范围，常常使用连词和介词的固定结构。现把最常用的此类结构举例说明如下。
3.1.1 and/or
常用 and/or 英译合同中“甲和乙+甲或乙”的内容，这样就可避免漏译其中的一部分。
例 9：如果上述货物对船舶和（或）船上其它货物造成任何损害，托运人应负全责。
The shipper shall be liable for all damage caused by such goods to the
ship and/or cargo on buard.
3.1.2 by and between
常用 by and between 强调合同是由“双方”签订的，因此双方必须严格履行合同所赋于的责任。
例 10：买卖双方同意按下述条款购买出售下列商品并签订本合同。
This Contract is made by and between the Buyer and the Seller, whereby the
Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller agrees to sell the undermentioned
commodity subject to the terms and conditions stipulated below.
3.2 限定时间
英译与时间有关的文字，都应非常严格慎重地处理，因为合同对时间的要求是准确无误。所以英译起止时间时，常用以下结构来限定准确的时间。
3.2.1 双介词
用双介词英译含当天日期在内的起止时间。
例 11；自9月2O日起，甲方已无权接受任何定单或收据。
Party Ashall be unauthorized to accept any orders or to collect any
account on and after September 20.
例 12：我公司的条件是，3 个月内，即不得晚于5月1日，支付现金。
Our terms are cash within three months, i.e. on or before May 1.
3.2.2 not(no)later than
用“not (no) later than +日期”英译“不迟于某月某日”。
例 13：本合同签字之日一个月内，即不迟于12月15日，你方须将货物装船。
Party B shall ship the goods within one month of the date of signing this
Contract, i.e. not later than December 15.
3.2.3 include 的相应形式
常用 include 的相应形式：inclusive、including 和 included，来限定含当日在内的时间。
例 14：本证在北京议付，有效期至1月1日。
This credit expires till January 1(inclusive) for negotiation in Beijing.
(or:This credit expires till and including January 1 for negotiation in
Beijing.) 如果不包括1月1日在内，英译为 till and not including January 1。
3.3 限定金额
为避免金额数量的差漏、伪造或涂改，英译时常用以下措施严格把关。
3.3.1.大写文字重复金额
英译金额须在小写之后，在括号内用大写文字重复该金额，即使原文合同中没有大写，英译时也有必要加上大写。在大写文字前加上“SAY”，意为“大写”；在最后加上“ONLY”。意思为“整”。必须注意：小写与大写的金额数量要一致。
例 16：聘方须每月付给受聘方美元 500 元整。
Party A shall pay Party B a monthly salary of US $ 500 (SAY FIVE HUNDRED
US DOLLARS ONLY).
3.3.2. 正确使用货币符号
英译金额必须注意区分和正确使用各种不同的货币名称符号。“$”既可代表“美元”，又可代表其他某些地方的货币；而“￡”不仅代表“英镑”，又可代表其他某些地方的货币。
必须注意：当金额用数字书写时，金额数字必须紧*货币符号，例如：Can $891,568，不能写成：Can $
891,568。另外，翻译的还要特别注意金额中是小数点 （.） 还是分节号（,），因为这两个符号极易引起笔误，稍有疏忽，其后果是不堪设想的。
商务合同英译应注意的问题(1)
前言
英译商务合同貌似简单，实则不然。商务合同是一种特殊的应用文体，重在记实，用词行文的一大特点就是准确与严谨。
本文拟运用翻译教学中所积累的英译商务合同的实例，从三个方面论述如何从大处着眼、小处着手、力求准确严谨英译商务合同。
一、酌情使用公文语惯用副词
商务合同属于法律性公文，所以英译时，有些词语要用公文语词语、特别是酌情使用英语惯用的一套公文语副词，就会起到使译文结构严谨、逻辑严密、言简意赅的作用。但是从一些合同的英文译本中发现，这种公文语副同常被普通词语所代替，从而影响到译文的质量。
实际上，这种公文语惯用副同为数并不多，而已构词简单易记。常用的这类副词是由 here、there、where 等副词分别加上
after、by、in、of、on、to、under、upon、with 等副词，构成一体化形式的公文语副词。例如：
从此以后、今后：hereafter；
此后、以后：thereafter；
在其上：thereonthereupon；
在其下：thereunder；
对于这个：hereto；
对于那个：whereto；
在上文：hereinabovehereinbefore；
在下文：hereinafterhereinbelow；
在上文中、在上一部分中：thereinbefore；
在下文中、在下一部分中：thereinafter．
现用两个实例，说明在英译合同中如何酌情使用上述副词。
例 1：本合同自买方和建造方签署之日生效。
This Contract shall come into force from the date of execution hereof by
the Buyer and the Builder.
例 2：下述签署人同意在中国制造新产品，其品牌以此为合适。
The undersigned hereby agrees that the new products whereto this trade
name is more appropriate are made in China.
出席商务会议的常用英语
The following phrases are used to participate in a meeting. These
phrases are useful for expressing your ideas and giving input to a
meeting.
Getting the Chairperson's Attention 引起会议主席的注意
(Mister/Madam) chairman.
May I have a word?
If I may, I think...
Excuse me for interrupting.
May I come in here?
Giving Opinions 表达意见
I'm positive that...
I (really) feel that...
In my opinion...
The way I see things...
If you ask me,... I tend to think that...
Asking for Opinions 询问意见
Are you positive that...
Do you (really) think that...
(name of participant) can we get your input?
How do you feel about...?
Commenting 做出评论
That's interesting .
I never thought about it that way before.
Good point!
I get your point.
I see what you mean.
Agreeing 表示同意
I totally agree with you.
Exactly!
That's (exactly) the way I feel.
I have to agree with (name of participant).
Disagreeing 表示异议
Unfortunately, I see it differently.
Up to a point I agree with you, but...
(I'm afraid) I can't agree
Advising and Suggesting 提出建议
Let's...
We should...
Why don't you....
How/What about...
I suggest/recommend that...
Clarifying 澄清
Let me spell out...
Have I made that clear?
Do you see what I'm getting at?
Let me put this another way...
I'd just like to repeat that...
Requesting Information 请求信息
Please, could you...
I'd like you to...
Would you mind...
I wonder if you could...
Asking for Repetition 请求重复
I'm afraid I didn't understand that. Could you repeat what you just
said?
I didn't catch that. Could you repeat that, please?
I missed that. Could you say it again, please?
Could you run that by me one more time?
Asking for Clarification 要求澄清
I don't quite follow you. What exactly do you mean?
I'm afraid I don't quite understand what your are getting at.
Could you explain to me how that is going to work?
I don't see what you mean. Could we have some more details, please?
Asking for Verification 请求确认
You did say next week, didn't you? ('did' is stressed)
Do you mean that...?
Is it true that...?
Asking for Spelling 请求拼写
Could you spell that, please?
Would you mind spelling that for me, please?
Asking for Contributions 请求赐教
We haven't heard from you yet, (name of participant).
What do you think about this proposal?
Would you like to add anything, (name of participant)?
Has anyone else got anything to contribute?
Are there any more comments?
Correcting Information 更正
Sorry, I think you misunderstood what I said.
Sorry, that's not quite right.
I'm afraid you don't understand what I'm saying.
That's not quite what I had in mind.
That's not what I meant.
Keeping the Meeting On Target (time, relevance, decisions) 转入正题
We're running short of time.
Well, that seems to be all the time we have today.
Please be brief.
I'm afraid we've run out of time.
I'm afraid that's outside the scope of this meeting.
Let's get back on track, why don't we?
That's not really why we're here today.
Why don't we return to the main focus of today's meeting.
We'll have to leave that to another time.
We're beginning to lose sight of the main point.
Keep to the point, please.
I think we'd better leave that for another meeting.
Are we ready to make a decision?
商贸文书中常见英语翻译错误几例(下)
6.我公司出口工业产品、化工产品、医药等。
原译文：Our company exports industrial products, chemicals, medicines and
etc..
注：etc.等于and so on或and others，已含有and的成分，上述译文无需加上and一词。应译为：Our company
exports industrial products, chemicals, medicines, etc..
7.我们将委托贵公司作为我公司在毛里求斯的业务代理。
原译文：We hereby entrust your company to be our business agent in
Mauritius.
注：entrust一词在作委托解时用法为entrust somebody with something or entrust something
to somebody。应译为：
We hereby appoint your company to be our business agent in Mauritius.
8.本合同签订之后，签约双方中任何一方不得将合同内容泄露给第三方。
原译文：Any of the two parties can not divulge the contents of the contract
to a third party after the conclusion of the contract.
注：双方中任何一方为either of the two parties，三方（或三方以上）中任何一方才用any of the
parties，因本句为否定句，应译为：Neither of the two parties can divulge the contents of
the contract to a third party after the conclusion of the contract.
9.在双方签约之后，各方将严格遵守本协议。
原译文：After this agreement is signed by the two parties, all parties shall
strictly abide by it.
注：与上一条相类似，在协议当事方为三方（或三方以上）时，各方为all parties，而当事方为两方时应用both parties。应译为：
After this agreement is signed by the two parties, both parties shall
strictly abide by it.
商贸文书中常见英语翻译错误几例(上)
在一些由中文翻译的英语样本、合同、广告和其他文件材料中常见一些翻译错误，现仅举几个出现频率较高的例子，试作分析，谨供读者朋友参考。
1.由港澳国际投资公司投资的海口电站工程因其建设速度和质量得到高度评价。
原译文：The Haikou Power Station Project invested by the Hongkong-Macau
International Investment Co, Ltd. was highly appraised for its
construction speed and quality.
注：投资某项工程应为invest in a project，在被动语态中不能漏去前置词in。应译为：
The Haikou Power Station Project invested in（在某些情况下可用financed or funded）
by the Hongkong-Macau International Investment Co., Ltd. was highly
appraised for its construction speed and quality.
2.上海SFECO拥有5个控股子公司。
原译文：Shanghai SFECO Group has 5 share-holding companies.
注：share-holding company指控制或持有某公司股权的股东公司。上述译文意思是5个公司持有Shanghai SFECO
Group的股份，换句话说，这5个公司是“老子”公司，因此显然不符合中文原意。
应译为：
Shanghai SFECO Group is a holding company of 5 subsidiary companies.
或Shanghai SFECO Group holds shares of 5 subsidiary companies.
3.中国民生银行有限公司
原译文：China Minsheng Banking Corporation, Ltd.
注：corporation本身即为有限公司，相当于limited company，英译中无需再加“Ltd”。应译为：
China Minsheng Banking Corporation
4.项目中标之后，我们将立即开始前期准备工作。
原译文：After the bid is awarded, we shall immediately start our
advance-phase preparation.
注：项目中标应为accept a bid or award the contract。显然上述译文把两种表达法相混淆了。应译为：
After the bid is accepted (or the contract is awarded), we shall
immediately start our advance-phase preparation.
5.欢迎您参观我们交易会
原译文：Welcome you to visit our fair!
注：译文中welcome是动词，因此此句是祈使句形式，省略的主语为第二人称你（你们），而不是中文所含的我（我们）之意。应译为：
We welcome you to visit our trade fair!
更简洁而地道的译法是：Welcome to our trade fair!
澳大利亚联邦汽车工业商会将摩托车细分为全用途摩托车(All Terrain Vehicles,
ATV's)和两轮摩托车两大类，后者又可细分为电动脚踏车(Scooter)、游乐车(Fun)、路用车(Road Motor
Cycle)和越野车(off-Road Motor Cycle)。其中，Scooter又可分为以下几种（For more details, please
visit: http://www.scootermaker.com）：
Baby Scooter 儿童踏板车
Disabled Scooter 残障人车
E-Scooter 电动踏板车
Electric Scooter 电动踏板车
Flying Shoes 飞行鞋
Folding Scooter 折叠踏板车
Freestyle Scooter 极限时髦踏板车
Gas//Gasoline Scooter 汽动踏板车//汽油踏板车//汽油机踏板车
Golf Scooter 高尔夫球车
Harly Scooter 哈利车//太子车//汽油小跑车
Kick Scooter 四轮滑板
Mini Chopper 小型摩托车
Mini Scooter 迷你踏板车
Mobility Scooter 电动踏板车
Moped Scooter 电动助力车//机动脚踏两用车
Motor Scooter 小型摩托车
Pocket Scooter 迷你踏板车
Push Scooter 踏板车
Razor Scooter 劲爆单脚踏板车
Scooter 踏板车
Sea Scooter 水上踏板车//滑水车
Skate Scooter 四轮滑板
Snow Scooter 雪上踏板车//滑雪车
Surfing Scooter 冲浪式电动踏板车//冲浪车
Swing Scooter 摇摆踏板车
Three-Wheels Scooter 三轮踏板车
Trike Swing Scooter 三轮摇摆踏板车
Tri-Scooter 三轮踏板车
Waver Scooter 摇摆踏板车
相关词汇：
China Scooter 中国踏板车
China Scooter Exporter 中国踏板车出口商
China Scooter Producers 中国踏板车生产商
China Scooter Suppliers 中国踏板车供货商
Scooter China Exporter 中国踏板车出口商
Scooter China Producers 中国踏板车生产商
Scooter China Suppliers 中国踏板车供货商
Scooter Exporter 踏板车出口商
Scooter Exporter China 中国踏板车出口商
Scooter Exporters 踏板车出口商
Scooter Factories 踏板车工厂
Scooter Factory 踏板车工厂
Scooter Manufacturer 踏板车制造厂家
Scooter Manufacturers 踏板车制造商
Scooter Manufacturing 踏板车制造
Scooter Producer 踏板车生产商
Scooter Producers 踏板车生产商
Scooter Producers China 中国踏板车生产商
Scooter Product 踏板车产品
Scooter Products 踏板车产品
Scooter Supplier 踏板车供货商
Scooter Suppliers 踏板车供货商
Scooter Suppliers China 中国踏板车供货商
China Zhejiang Yongkang Scooter Suppliers
对外贸易常用英语(1)
They mainly trade with Japanese firms.
他们主要和日本商行进行贸易。
For the past five years, we have done a lot of trade with your company.
在过去的五年中，我们与贵国进行了罅康拿骋住?/P>
Our trade is conducted on the basis of equality.
我们是在平等的基础上进行贸易。
There has been a slowdown in the wool trade with you.
和你们的羊毛贸易已有所减少。
Our foreign trade is continuously expanding.
我们的对外贸易不断发展。
Trade in leather has gone up (down) 3%.
皮革贸易上升（下降）了百分之三。
Trade in general is improving.
贸易情况正在好转。
Our company mainly trades in arts and crafts.
我们公司主要经营手工艺品。
They are well-known in trade circles.
他们在贸易界很有名望。
We trade with people in all countries on the basis of equality and mutual
benefit.
我们在平等互利的基础上和各国人民进行贸易。
To respect the local custom of the buying country is one important aspect
of China's foreign policy.
尊重买方国家的风俗习惯是我国贸易政策的一个重要方面。
Our purpose is to explore the possibilities of developing trade with you.
我们的目的是和你们探讨一下发展贸易的可能性。
Words and Phrases
foreign trade 对外贸易
overseas trade 海外贸易
international trade 国际贸易
to trade with 和……进行贸易
to do business in a moderate way 做生意稳重
to do business in a sincere way 做生意诚恳
to make a deal 做一笔交易
deal 交易，经营，处理，与……交往
to deal in 经营，做生意
to explore the possibilities of 探讨……的可能性
trade circles 贸易界
to handle 经营某商品
to trade in 经营某商品
business scope/frame 经营范围
trading firm/house 贸易行，商行
对外贸易常用英语(2)
Can we do a barter trade?
咱们能不能做一笔易货贸易呢？
Is it still a direct barter trade?
这还算是一种直接的易货贸易吗？
If you agree to our proposal of a barter trade, we'll give you paper in
exchange for your timber.
如果你方同意我们进行易货贸易的建议，我们将用纸与你们交换木材。
Shall we sign a triangle trade agreement?
我们订一个三角贸易协议好吗？
A triangle trade can be carried out among the three of us.
我们三方可进行三角贸易。
Compensation trade is, in fact, a kind of loan.
补偿贸易实际上是一种信贷。
We may agree to do processing trade with you.
我们同意与你们进行来料加工贸易。
If you're interested in leasing trade, please let us know.
如果你们有意做租赁贸易，请告诉我们。
We wonder whether you do counter trade.
我们不知道你们是否做抵偿贸易。
Words and Phrases
trade by commodities 商品贸易
visible trade 有形贸易
invisible trade 无形贸易
barter trade 易货贸易
bilateral trade 双边贸易
triangle trade 三角贸易
multilateral trade 多边贸易
counter trade 对销贸易；抵偿贸易
counter purchase 互购贸易
buy-back 回购贸易
compensation trade 补偿贸易
processing trade 来料加工贸易
assembling trade 来料装配贸易
leasing trade 租赁贸易
in exchange for 用……交换……
trade agreement 贸易协议
