平行结构

平行结构:平行结构是英语中比较常用的连接句子成分的一种方法.它主要是通过并列连词,关联连词把同一种类型的语法成分连接起来,其特点是所连接的成分必须保持语法上的一致性或相似性.

[例题]

1.Having no money but not wanting anyone to know, he simply said he would go without dinner.

(没有钱,但又不想让人知道,他只是说他要走了,不吃晚饭了.)

2.She never laughed, nor did she ever lose her temper.

(她从不大笑,也从不发脾气.)

[解析]用并列连词and, but, or, neither, nor, rather than等连词的平行结构,这类平行结构所连接的单词,词组等语法成分必须是同类事物或概念,语法成分也要一致:要么全是名词,动词,形容词短语,要么全是分词.

[例题]

3.They worked hard neither for fame nor for personal gain.

(他们努力的工作,既不为名也不为利.)

4.He was famous both as a novelist and as a statesman.

(他不但是个著名的小说家，也是个出色的政治家.)

[解析]用关联词"not only...but also", "either...or...", "neither...nor"和"both...and..."等连接的平行结构要比并列连词连接的平行结构更精确,因为关联连词是其连接的平行成分的分界线,而一般并列连词所连接的平行成分则具有较大的灵活性.

[例题]

5.In the course of a day students do far more than just attend classes.

(在一天当中,学生们不仅仅是听课,还有许许多多的事情要做.)

6.Whatever the causes, English at the end of the 20th century is more widely spoken and written than any other language has ever been.

(无论是什么原因,到了20世纪末,使用英语和写比其它任何一种语言都广泛.)

[解析]用比较连词as, than连接的平行结构,它们所连接的比较成分是另一种平行结构,也要求保持语法成分的一致性,即所比较的应该是同类事物或同类概念.