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商务英语及学习 |
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| 听力突破掌上宝之听力突破超级技巧 |
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作者：石家庄赵丽娜律师编辑
出处：法律顾问网·涉外www.flguwen.com
时间：2011/4/4 22:09:00 |
如何在听不懂的情况下
照样选对答案
（中英文对照）
——学一点“害人”的、只对考试有用的技巧
——三大实用技巧，抓住听力考试题的致命弱点，在紧张的听力考场上运筹帷幄、
稳操胜券！
这里所谈的技巧以托福考试为样本，它是英语考试的典范，国内的高考、四级、六级
等考试都在逐渐向它靠拢。
以下比较难的部分采取中英文对照形式，其余的只给出英文，所有资料都适合进行三
最口腔肌肉训练。编写忱个部分的一个疯狂目的是要求大家能够用英文来告诉别人如何对付听力考试！
这是李阳·克立兹的一贯信念：一步登天！
首先让我们来熟悉标准听力考试的结构：
[1] The Listening comprehension section of the TOEFL contains fifty
questions. There are three sections to this part of the test.
[2] Part A: in this section you hear a short statement and you are
asked to select the answer closest in meaning to what you heard. There are twenty
questions in Part A.
[3] Part B: In this section you hear a short dialogue between two
speakers. A third speaker will then ask you a question about what was said. There are
fifteen questions in Part B.
[4] Part C: In this section you hear three longer talks. Either a
conversation between two people or a lecture given by one person. Each talk is followed
by four to six questions, for which you are asked to select the best answer. There are
fifteen questions in art C.
[5] Total time for the section is about thirty minutes. There are
fifty questions total on this section.
[李阳·克立兹三最口腔肌内训练记录为：35秒]
在进行听力考试的时候，你要面对巨大的时间压力！因为：
You can't take any extra time for hard questions! (对于难的问题，你没有多
余的时间！)
无论听懂还是听不懂，难还是简单，你都只有同样的时间！只有一次机会！很多人
由于心理素质差和缺 乏技巧而在听力考试中一败涂地！所以听力考 试就象一场 竞争激 烈的体育
运动！有人把它比作打网球：
[1] Even if you've never played tennis, you've probably at some
point in your life seen it played. Your goal for this section is to learn to play the
game of Listening comprehension. Understanding what is on the tape is only one small
part o the game. First of all, you need to learn to pace[为…定步调；掌握速度] yourself.
Think for a moment about what makes a good tennis player
[2] Bad tennis players spend a lot of time watching the ball and
running to try to catch up to it.
[3] Good tennis players spend a lot of time watching their opponents
to anticipate [预料] where the ball will go so that they can be there first and be ready
to hit it back.
[4] Most people take the Listening Comprehension section the way
bad tennis players play tennis——always running a little bit behind. To do well on
this section, you need to stay one step ahead of your opponent——you need to stay
ahead of the questions.
[李阳·克立兹三最口腔肌内训练记录为：35秒]
翻译的最高境界：中国人说中国话
（即使你从来没有打过网球，但你要能看过别人打。你现在要做的就是学会玩听力
考试的游戏。听懂只是这个游戏的一小部分。首先，你需要学习如何控制自己的步调。现在让我们来
看看一个好的网球运动员是如何做的。
普通的网球运动者把大部分时间用在盯着别人的球， 然后再仓促地跑过去接球，完
全处于被动地位；而网球高手则是盯着对手，并预料球的方向以便先发制人。
大多数参加听力考试的人表现得就象那个普通的网球运动者，总是慢 一步。所以要
想做好听力考试，你必须比对手先行一步，你必须走在问题的前面。
下面我们来谈一谈技巧。李阳·克立兹听力训练的硬功夫要求是：像母语那样去听
懂！这里所谈的技巧主要是帮助那些听力很差的人对付考试、蒙混过关，当然对具有英语真功夫的
朋友，这些技巧 也会帮助他们更加稳操胜券！
技巧一： Reading ahead提前阅读
You have about twelve seconds to answer each of the questions in Parts A
and B, no matter how hard or easy each question may seem. The best use of these twelve
seconds is to use them to get a sense of [进行大致了解] the upcoming [即将到来的]
question. To do this:
Read the answer choices before you hear each question.
(在听每个问题之前，先抓紧时间阅读四个选择答案。)
When you take the test, you will hear the voice on the tape reading the
directions for Part A. You will not be able to see the question for Part A until
the directions have been read. However, you should turn the page the instant [一…就]
you hear the end of the directions, which sounds something like this:
Sentence (B)"Could you help me carry these books" is closest in meaning
to the sentence you heard. Therefore you should choose answer (B).
As you are turning the page you will hear
Go on to the next page. Now let us begin Part A with question number one.
But by then you should already be reading the answer choices to question 1
in order to get ready to listen. Then, as soon as you hear
Question number one…
Followed by whatever that question may be, choose your answer and mark it
as quickly as possible. Now you can use the rest of the twelve seconds to read the
answer choices for qwuestion2, and so on
(听到第一个问题后，就迅速选择答案，然后以最快的速度标记答案。这时你就可以
用剩余的/节省出来的十二秒钟去阅读下一个问题的选择答案。)
The key to this method is discipline [纪律]. You'll find you tend to want
to linger [逗留；耽搁] on each of the questions until you hear the beginning of the next
one. DON'T DO IT! That's how you can end up [以…结束] missing two or three questions
in a row; if you don't know the answer, GUESS an move on!
（这个方法的关键是纪律。你可能会犹豫不定，在每个问题上耽搁久，直至你听到下
一个问题开始。千万不要这么做！否则你可能会连续错过两、三个问题，如果你不知道答案，只管
猜，然后就继续前进。）
[李阳·克立兹三最口腔肌肉训练记录为：60秒]
提前阅读技巧四步骤总结
[请用英文讲给别人听]
² When you hear the end of the instructions begin reading the answer
choices for question 1.
² As soon as you hear the question, guess.
² Use the rest of the twelve seconds to read the answer choices for
the next question.
² Repeat steps 2 and 3 until the end of Part A.
技巧二： Guess the Topic猜测话题
Staying ahead of the questions helps you overcome the problems caused by
the time pressure on this section. Any time you don't see the correct answer, just
guess and keep moving. Now that you're keeping up with the ball in this game, that is ,
staying ahead of the questions, you can begin to practice the second skill you need to
win — anticipating [预料] what you opponent will do. It's time to tackle [处理；应付]
the second major difficulty of this section.
（走在问题的前面帮助你克服了由于时间紧张而引起的问题。如果你一下找不到正确
的答案，就只管进行猜测，然后继续做下面的题目。既然你已经能够跟得上这场听力游戏中“球”的
速度，那么你就可以开始操练第二个技巧——预料你对手的举动。现在是你对付第二个主要难题的时
候了。）
[李阳·克立兹三最口腔肌肉训练记录为：15秒]
1．No context没有上下文/没有前后关联
In face-to-face conversation there are a lot of things that you rely on
to help you understand what the other person is saying — facial expressions, hand
gestures, and what you know about the person or the topic all give additional meaning
to the words used. Furthermore if this person uses some words or expressions that
you 're not familiar with, you can use the context of the rest of the conversation to
help you figure out what they mean.
(在面对面的谈话中，你可以依*很多东西来帮助你理解对方的话——面部表情、手势
和你所了解的对方的情况和话题，这些都给你额外的含义。另外，如果对方用了你不熟悉的单词和
表达法，你可以借助其余对话的线索来理解它们的含义。)
All of these cues [线索；提示] are gone on Parts A and B of the Listening
comprehension section. Aside from time, the largest hurdle to get over in order to do
well on this section is that lack of context. For the questions on Parts A and B the
information presented is isolated [孤立的]. The question you're waiting to hear on
the tape could be about anything. You can't see the person speaking, so it's much harder
to figure out their emotional state or opinion.
(在听力第一和第二部分，这些线索通通消失。除了时间的因素，这个部分的最大障
碍就是缺乏上下文，所有的信息都是孤立的。你准备听到的可能是任何东西。你看不到那个人在说
话，所以理解他们的感情状态和想法非常困难。)
[李阳·克立兹三最口腔肌肉训练记录为：30秒]
2．Guess the topic猜测话题
You're reading ahead, you've heard the end of the instructions for Part
A, and you begin to read the answer choices for question 1. Let's say the choices are:
1.(A) I never heard the lecture.
(B) That kind of lecture never fascinates me.
(C) That lecture was the most fascinating I've heard.
(D) I would have preferred a different lecture.
What are most of the answer choices about? A lecture. So the stem will
have to be about the same thing. Now you have a context. You know it will have
something to do with a lecture. Your task is to find out more information about it.
[李阳·克立兹三最口腔肌肉训练记录为：23秒]
技巧三： Three Ways to Find the Right Answer
三个找到正确答案的方法
Reading ahead helps you keep up. Guessing the topic supplies you with a
context and helps you listen actively. These three techniques help you narrow down
[缩小；限制范围] your choices whether or not you have actually understood what is
spoken on the tape .
[李阳·克立兹三最口腔肌肉训练记录为：8秒]
1． OPPOSITES相反的选择
One of ETS's [美国教育考试机构] favorite kind of wrong answers is one
that traps people who almost understood the stem. It looks pretty similar to the
correct answer, but means the opposite.
For example:
(A) Sunday is a day Mary often works.
(B) Mary rarely works on Sunday.
(C) Some days Mary's work is awful.
(D) Mary has had a terrible cough since Sunday.
In the example above, (A) and (B) are what we call opposites, that is,
both statements could not be true. Of a typical Listening comprehension section, one
third to one half of the questions contain opposites. This is good news for you because:
If there is one pair of opposites in the answer choices, one of them is
the right answer!
(如果在四个选择答案中有两个对立/相反的句子，那么其中一个就是正确答案。)
Even if you never hear the question, you now have a 50 percent chance of
answering this question correctly. Furthermore a pair of opposites in the answer
choices tells you exactly what the stem will be about. You only have to listen to hear
confirmation [确认；证实] of one or the other of the two opposites.
Find the opposites in the example below:
1.(A) Stone does not enjoy clothes shopping.
(B) Stone ate while he tried on the clothes.
(C) Buying clothing is a pleasure for Stone.
(D) Not one piece of clothing was available in his size.
In this example, the opposites are (A), which say that stone doesn't like
to buy clothes, and (C), which says that he does. Now when you hear the stem, you
only need to find out which one is true. The stem is:
If there's one thing Stone hates, It's buying clothes.
So the correct answer is (A).
Now try this one. First, reading the answer choices and find the opposites.
2.(A) I think your desk is far too tiny.
(B) Your desk is too messy.
(C) I think you need a new desk.
(D) I cleaned up your desk.
The opposites are (B) and (D). If you didn't recognize them, you need to be
a little more broad in your understanding of the term. (B) implies that the desk is messy,
and (D) implies that the desk is clean. That's enough for them to be considered opposites.
So now all you need to do is decide if the desk is clean or messy. When you hear the stem.
My, your desk could sure use some tidying up!
You know the answer is (B).
2．COMMON SENSE常识
The people who write the TOEFL have very conservative tastes. None of their
statements or dialogues will contain anything controversial, violent, passionate, or silly.
(编写托福考试的人比较保守，他们的句子和对话都不会包含有争议的、激烈的、热烈
的和愚蠢的东西。)
Remember, you can use common sense to eliminate three types of wrong answers：
Type 1: Answer choices that are too extreme [极端].
(A) Sunday is a day Mary often works.
(B) Mary rarely works on Sunday.
(C) Some days Mary's work is awful.
(D) Mary has had a terrible cough since Sunday.
Answer (C) is too extreme to be a good bet. ETS would probably say someone's
work was "unsatisfactory" or even "bad", but not "awful." Just remember, ETS can't afford
to offend anyone: any answers that might be controversial are automatically wrong.
Type 2: Answer choices that have wrong subject, for example:
(A) He is a good football player.
(B) He doesn't understand football at all.
(C) He lives right across that field.
(D) Playing football indoors is forbidden.
Since most of the answer choices are about football, you know that "football"
is the topic of the stem, therefore you can eliminate answer (C). Now here's the stem
He sure seems right at home on the football field.
The closest in meaning is answer (A). By the way, did you notice that (A)
and (B) were opposites?
Type 3: Answer choices that are just plain silly [明显的愚蠢], for example:
(A) Rob is too tall to be an actor.
(B) Rob's performance was excellent.
(C) He didn't see Rob on stage.
(D) Rob was suspended above the stage.
Answer (A) is just silly. How can someone be too tall to be an actor? Answer
choice (D) is weird [奇怪的] too. Now here's the stem.
W: How was Rob in the new play last night?
M: Great! He was head and shoulders above the rest of the cast.
Q: what does that man mean?
The expression "head and shoulders above" means "far better than", so the
closest is meaning is answer (B). Notice that both silly answers, (A) and (D), are based
on literal interpretations[字面理解] of the expression "head and shoulders above". If you
hear something in the stem that doesn't make literal sense, it's an idiom. Idioms are a
signal to be on the lookout for [提防；寻找] answer choices that take that idiom literally
and turn it into something silly.
3．OPPOSITES相反的选择
Another of ETS's favorite trap answers is what we call a sound-alike.
Sound-alikes take some of the words and sounds from the statement or dialogue and rearrange
them so that they have a totally different meaning. Remember this example?
(A) Sunday is a day Mary often works.
(B) Mary rarely works on Sunday.
(C) Some days Mary's work is awful.
(D) Mary has had a terrible cough since Sunday.
The statement was
Sunday is usually Mary's day off.
We already found the opposites in these answers, (A) and (B), and one extreme
answer, (C). So now look at how ETS might trap you with sounds. Notice how many things in
the answer choices echo [回响] the word "off' in the statement— "often", "awful" and
"cough". And in answer (C)，The one answer choice without Sunday, has been replaced with
"some days". The right answer, (B), is one of the pair of opposites, is not silly or
extreme, and contains the fewest sound-alikes.
After you've found the opposites and silly answers, choose the answer choice
that sounds "least " like what you heard on the tape.
You'll notice that many sound-alikes can also be eliminated using common sense.
Summary of Strategy
技巧总结
Step 1: Read the answer choices before you hear the question.
Step 2: While reading, look for
² The topic for Part A.
² The topic or the question for Part B.
² Opposite pairs in the answer choices
² Anything that violates common sense.
Step 3: Listen to confirm what you found in step 2.
Step 4: Choose your answer. If you are still undecided, choose the answer
choice containing the fewest sounds from the statement or dialogue.
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