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国际贸易 |
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| 美国统一商法典(1) |
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出处：法律顾问网·涉外www.flguwen.com
时间：2010/11/19 14:24:00 |
PART 1. SHORT TITLE ， GENERAL CONSTRUCTION AND SUBJECT MATTER
Uniform Commercial Code
ARTICLE 2 SALES
§ 2-101. Short Title.
This Article shall be known and may be cited as Uniform Commercial
Code-Sales.
§ 2-102. Scope ； Certain Security and Other Transactions Excluded
From This Article.
Unless the context otherwise requires ， this Article applies to transactions
in goods； it does not apply to any transaction which although in the
form of an unconditional contract to sell or present sale is intended
to operate only as a security transaction nor does this Article impair
or repeal any statute regulating sales to consumers ， farmers or other
specified classes of buyers.
§ 2-103. Definitions and Index of Definitions.
（1 ） In this Article unless the context otherwise requires
。（a ） "Buyer" means a person who buys or contracts to buy goods.
。（b ） "Good faith" in the case of a merchant means honesty in fact
and the observance of reasonable commercial standards of fair dealing
in the trade.
。（c ） "Receipt" of goods means taking physical possession of them.
。（d ） "Seller" means a person who sells or contracts to sell goods.
（2 ） Other definitions applying to this Article or to specified
Parts thereof ， and the sections in which they appear are：
"Acceptance". Section 2-606.
"Banker ‘s credit". Section 2-325.
"Between Merchants". Section 2-104.
"Cancellation". Section 2-106 （4 ）。
"Commercial unit". Section 2-105.
"Confirmed credit". Section 2-325.
"Conforming to contract". Section 2-106.
"Contract for sale". Section 2-106.
"Cover". Section 2-712.
"Entrusting". Section 2-403.
"Financing agency". Section 2-104.
"Future Goods". Section 2-105.
"Goods". Section 2-105.
"Identification". Section 2-501.
"Installment contract". Section 2-612.
"Letter of Credit". Section 2-325.
"Lot". Section 2-105.
"Merchant". Section 2-104.
"Overseas". Section 2-323.
"Person in position of Seller". Section 2-707.
"Present sale". Section 2-106.
"Sale". Section 2-106.
"Sale on approval". Section 2-326.
"Sale or return". Section 2-326.
"Termination". Section 2-106.
（3 ） The following definitions in other Articles apply to this Article
：
"Check". Section 3-104.
"Consignee". Section 7-102.
"Consignor". Section 7-102.
"Consumer Goods". Section 9-109.
"Dishonor". Section 3-507.
"Draft". Section 3-104.
（4 ） In addition Article 1 contains general definitions and principles
of construction and interpretation applicable throughout this Article.
§ 2-104. Definitions ： "Merchant" ； "Between Merchants"； "Financing
Agency".
（1 ） "Merchant" means a person who deals in goods of the kind or
otherwise by his occupation holds himself out as having knowledge or skill
peculiar to the practices or goods involved in the transaction or to whom
such knowledge or skill may be attributed by his employment of an agent
or broker or other intermediary who by his occupation holds himself out
as having such knowledge or skill.
（2 ） "Financing agency" means a bank， finance company or other
person who in the ordinary course of business makes advances against goods
or documents of title or who by arrangement with either the seller or
the buyer intervenes in ordinary course to make or collect payment due
or claimed under the contract for sale， as by purchasing or paying the
seller‘s draft or making advances against it or by merely taking it for
collection whether or not documents of title accompany the draft. "Financing
agency" includes also a bank or other person who similarly intervenes
between persons who are in the position of seller and buyer in respect
to the goods（Section 2-707 ）。
（3 ） "Between Merchants" means in any transaction with respect to
which both parties are chargeable with the knowledge or skill of merchants.
§ 2-105. Definitions ： Transferability； "Goods"； "Future" Goods
； "Lot"； "Commercial Unit".
（1 ） "Goods" means all things （including specially manufactured
goods ） which are movable at the time of identification to the contract
for sale other than the money in which the price is to be paid， investment
securities（Article 8 ） and things in action. "Goods" also includes the
unborn young of animals and growing crops and other identified things
attached to realty as described in the section on goods to be severed
from realty （Section 2-107 ）。
（2 ） Goods must be both existing and identified before any interest
in them can pass. Goods which are not both existing and identified are
"future" goods. A purported present sale of future goods or of any interest
therein operates as a contract to sell.
（3 ） There may be a sale of a part interest in existing identified
goods.
（4 ） An undivided share in an identified bulk of fungible goods
is sufficiently identified to be sold although the quantity of the bulk
is not determined. Any agreed proportion of such a bulk or any quantity
thereof agreed upon by number ， weight or other measure may to the extent
of the seller ‘s interest in the bulk be sold to the buyer who then becomes
an owner in common.
（5 ） "Lot" means a parcel or a single article which is the subject
matter of a separate sale or delivery ， whether or not it is sufficient
to perform the contract.
（6 ） "Commercial unit" means such a unit of goods as by commercial
usage is a single whole for purposes of sale and division of which materially
impairs its character or value on the market or in use. A commercial unit
may be a single article （as a machine） or a set of articles （as a suite
of furniture or an assortment of sizes） or a quantity（as a bale ， gross，
or carload） or any other unit treated in use or in the relevant market
as a single whole.
§ 2-106. Definitions ： "Contract" ； "Agreement"； "Contract for
sale" ； "Sale" ； "Present sale" ； "Conforming" to Contract ； "Termination"
； "Cancellation".
（1 ） In this Article unless the context otherwise requires "contract"
and "agreement" are limited to those relating to the present or future
sale of goods. "Contract for sale" includes both a present sale of goods
and a contract to sell goods at a future time. A "sale" consists in the
passing of title from the seller to the buyer for a price （Section 2-401）。
A "present sale" means a sale which is accomplished by the making
of the contract.
（2 ） Goods or conduct including any part of a performance are "conforming"
or conform to the contract when they are in accordance with the obligations
under the contract.
（3 ） "Termination" occurs when either party pursuant to a power
created by agreement or law puts an end to the contract otherwise than
for its breach. On "termination" all obligations which are still executory
on both sides are discharged but any right based on prior breach or performance
survives.
（4 ） "Cancellation" occurs when either party puts an end to the
contract for breach by the other and its effect is the same as that of
"termination" except that the cancelling party also retains any remedy
for breach of the whole contract or any unperformed balance.
§ 2-107. Goods to Be Severed From Realty ： Recording.
（1 ） A contract for the sale of minerals or the like（including
oil and gas ） or a structure or its materials to be removed from realty
is a contract for the sale of goods within this Article if they are to
be severed by the seller but until severance a purported present sale
thereof which is not effective as a transfer of an interest in land is
effective only as a contract to sell.
（2 ） A contract for the sale apart from the land of growing crops
or other things attached to realty and capable of severance without material
harm thereto but not described in subsection（1 ） or of timber to be
cut is a contract for the sale of goods within this Article whether the
subject matter is to be severed by the buyer or by the seller even though
it forms part of the realty at the time of contracting， and the parties
can by identification effect a present sale before severance.
（3 ） The provisions of this section are subject to any third party
rights provided by the law relating to realty records ， and the contract
for sale may be executed and recorded as a document transferring an interest
in land and shall then constitute notice to third parties of the buyer
‘s rights under the contract for sale.
中文译文：
第一章简称、解释原则和适用范围
《美国统一商法典》 第二篇 买卖
第一章 简称、解释原则和适用范围
第２—１０１条 简称
本篇称为并可被引用为“统一商法典——买卖”。
第２—１０２条 适用范围；某些不包括在本篇内的担保交易和其它交易
除上下文另有所指外，本篇适用于涉及货物的交易；本篇不适用于采用无保
留销售合同形式或现售形式而实质上纯属担保交易的交易，本篇也不损害或废除
任何其它的有关向消费者、农业生产者或其他特定种类买方出售货物的法律。
第２—１０３条 定义和定义索引
１.除上下文另有所指外，在本篇中，
ａ.“买方”指买进货物或订立买进货物合同的人。
ｂ.涉及商人时，“善意”指事实上的诚实和遵守同行中有关公平交易的合
理商业准则。
ｃ.“收到”货物，指实际取得对货物的占有。
ｄ.“卖方”指出售货物或订立出售货物合同的人。
２.适用于本篇或本篇某些章的其它定义及其索引：
“接受” 第２—６０６条
“银行信用证” 第２—３２５条
“商人之间” 第２—１０４条
“解除” 第２—１０６条第４款。
“商业单位” 第２—１０５条
“保兑信用证” 第２—３２５条
“符合合同” 第２—１０６条
“买卖合同” 第２—１０６条
“补进” 第２—７１２条
“委托” 第２—４０３条
“融资机构” 第２—１０４条
“期货” 第２—１０５条
“货物” 第２—１０５条
“特定化” 第２—５０１条
“分批交货合同” 第２—６１２条
“信用证” 第２—３２５条
“一宗” 第２—１０５条
“商人” 第２—１０４条
“海外” 第２—３２３条
“处于卖方地位的人” 第２—７０７条
“现售” 第２—１０６条
“买卖” 第２—１０６条
“试用” 第２—３２６条
“试销” 第２—３２６条
“终止” 第２—１０６条
３.其它各篇中适用于本篇的定义：
“支票” 第３—１０４条
“收货人” 第７—１０２条
“发货人” 第７—１０２条
“消费品” 第９—１０９条
“拒付” 第３—５０７条
“汇票” 第３—１０４条
４.此外，第一篇中的一般定义和解释原则适用于本篇通篇。
第２—１０４条 定义：“商人”：“商人之间”：“融资机构”
１.“商人”指从事某类货物交易业务或因职业关系以其它方式表明其对交
易所涉及的货物或作法具有专门知识或技能的人，也指雇佣因职业关系表明其具
有此种专门知识或技能的代理人、经纪人或其他中介人的人。
２.“融资机构”指任何银行、融资公司或其他人，只要它在正常业务中以
货物或所有权凭证为凭提供贷款，或只要它依据与卖方或买方达成的协议以正常
方式参与支付或收取买卖合同中已到期或已规定的款项，如购买或支付卖方的汇
票，或为购买或支付该汇票提供贷款，或为收款单纯取得汇票，而不论汇票是否
同时附有所有权凭证。“融资机构”还包括以同样方式介入就货物处于卖方和买
方地位之当事方（第２—７０７条）之间的银行或其他人。
３.“商人之间”指交易的当事双方均可被视为具有商人之专门知识或技能。
第２—１０５条 定义：可转让性：“货物”：“期货”：“一宗”：“商
业单位”
１.“货物”指除作为支付价款之手段的金钱、投资证券（第八篇）和诉权
物以外的所有在特定于买卖合同项下时可以移动的物品（包括特别制造的货物）。
“货物”还包括尚未出生的动物幼仔、生长中的农作物和有关将与不动产分
离之货物的第２—１０７条所规定的其它附着于不动产但已特定化的物品。
２.货物必须同时是现实存在并已特定化，其权益才能转让。不是现实存在
并已特定化的货物称为“期货”。对期货或期货中任何权益作出的现售，效力上
相当于销售合同。
３.可以仅出售现实存在并已特定化之货物中的部分权益。
４.特定化的一批种类物，即使总量未知，其中已定量的任何部分仍可在未
与整批货物分离的情况下被视为已特定化而用于出售。该批种类物中以数量、重
量或其它标准计算的任何已议定的部分或数量，可在卖方所拥有之权益的范围内
出售给买方。买方因此成为该批种类物的共同所有人。
５.“一宗”指构成单独一次出售或交货的一组或一件物品，不论它是否足
以履行整个合同。
６.“商业单位”指商业惯例中货物的基本销售单位，即如果将此单位分割，
将损害货物的特性或损害其使用价值或销售价值。一个“商业单位”可以是一件
物品（如一台机器），可以是一组物品（如一套家具或一套尺寸不同的物品），
可以是一定数量（如一包、一罗、一车），也可以是在使用中或在有关市场上被
视作单一整体的任何或它单位。
第２—１０６条 定义：“合同”：“协议”：“买卖合同”：“买卖”：
“现售”：“符合合同”：“终止”：“解除”
１.除上下文另有所指外，在本篇中，“合同”与“协议”仅指与货物的现
售或未来销售有关的合同与协议。“买卖合同”既包括货物的现售，也包括在未
来某一时间出售货物的合同：“买卖”（或“出售”、“销售”）指卖方在取得
价款的条件下将货物所有权转移至买方（第２—４０１条）：“现售”指订立合
同与出售货物同时完成的买卖。
２.货物或行为，包括履约中的任何步骤，如果符合合同所规定的义务，即
为“符合”合同。
３.如果任何一方非因违约，而是根据协议规定或根据法律赋予的权力结束
合同，该合同即告“终止”。合同一旦“终止”，当事方尚待履行的各项义务即
被解除，但在此之前因对方违约或已方履约而产生的权利仍然存在。
４.由于一方违约致使另一方结束合同时，合同即告“解除”。解除的效力
与终止相同，但解除合同的一方保留因他方全部或部分违反合同而应得到的救济。
第２—１０７条 将与不动产分离的货物：登记
１.出售将与不动产分离的矿物或类似物质（包括石油和天然气）的合同，
以及出售将与不动产分离的建筑结构或其材料的合同，属于本篇范围内的货物买
卖合同，只要此种物品与不动产的分离系由卖方进行；但在分离之前，如果卖方
的现售不能构成土地上所存权益的有效转让，则该现售在效力上只相当于一项销
售合同。
２.出售正在长于土地上的农作物或本条第１款中未作规定的其它附着于不
动产但分离后又不至造成实质损害的物品的合同，或出售待砍伐树木的合同，属
于本篇所规定的货物买卖合同，而不论分离系由买方还是由卖方进行，也不论物
品在订立合同时仍为不动产的组成部分。对此种物品，当事方可在分离前通过特
定化而完成现售。
３.第三方根据有关不动产登记的法律所取得的权利，优于本条各款的效力
；但上述买卖合同可作为转让土地上所存权益的文件，经签名和登记，构成对第
三方有关买方依买卖合同所取得的权利的通知。
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