用语方面
一、力求严谨,明白无误:
· The following documents shall be deemed to form and be read and construed as an integral part of this Contract.
下列文件应被认为、读作、解释为本合同的组成部分;
· This Contract can only be altered, amended or supplemented in accordance with documents signed and sealed by authorized representatives of both parties.
本合同只能按照双方授权代表签名盖章的文件进行修改或增补;
· All activities of ABC Co. shall be governed by the laws, decrees and pertinent rules and regulations of China.
ABC公司的一切活动必须受中国的法律、法令和有关规章条例的管辖。
二、多用主动语态,少用被动语态:
· Party B is hereby appointed by Party A as its exclusive sales agent in Singapore. (不宜)
乙方被甲方委托为在新加坡的独家销售代理商;
· Party A hereby appoints Party B as its exclusive sales agent in Singapore. (适宜)
甲方委托乙方为在新加坡的独家销售代理商;
三、多用现在时,少用将来时,尽管很多条款规定的是合同签订以后的事项:
· Licensee may terminate this Contract 90 days after a written notice thereof is sent to Licensor upon the happening of one of the following events:
当有下列事件之一发生,被许可人提前90天向许可人发送书面通知后,可以终止合同:
1. Licensor becomes insolvent or a liquidator of Licensor is appointed;
许可人无力偿付债务或其破产清算人以被指定;
2. The patent described in Article 2 is not issued within 30 days from signing this Contract; and
第二条规定的专利未在签约后30天之内发布;
3. Licensor fails to perform its obligations under this Contract.
许可人未能履行其合同义务。
四、直接表达方式用得多,间接表达方式用的较少:
· This Article does not apply to bondholders who have not been paid in full. (用得少)
本条款不适用于尚未全部偿付的债券持有者。
· This Article applies only to bondholders who have been paid in full. (用得多)
本条款只适用于已全部偿付的债券持有者。
五、尽量使用一个动词,避免使用“动词+名词+介词”的同意短语:
· Party A shall make an appointment of its representative within 30 days after signing the Contract.
甲方应于签约后30天内指派其授权代表。宜用appoint代替 make an appointment of.
· Party A will give consideration to Party B's proposal of exclusive agency.
甲方愿意考虑乙方独家代理的建议。宜用consider代替give consideration to.
六、下列特殊用语使用频繁:
1. WHEREAS 鉴于
正式而重要的合同,尤其是英美法系的合同,多用它在前文中引出签约背景和目的,起连词作用:
WHEREAS the Employer is desirous that manpower can be rendered available for the construction of High-Rise Residential Complex in Baghdad, Iraq;
鉴于雇主欲请劳动力建造伊拉克巴格达的高层住宅综合大楼;
WHEREAS the Contractor is desirous to provide the manpower for the Works;
鉴于承包人想为此工程提供劳动力;
2. WITNESS 证明
在合同前文中常用作首句的谓语动词:
This Agreement, made by ...
WITNESSES
WHEREAS..., it is agreed as follows:
本协议由……签订证明:鉴于……特此达成协议如下:
3. IN WITNESS WHEREOF 作为所协议事项的证据:
该短语常用于合同的结尾条款:
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Contract in duplicate by their duly authorized representatives on the date first above written.
作为所协议事项的证据,双方授权代表于上面首次写明的日期正式签订本协议一式两份。
4. IN CONSIDERATION OF 以……为约因/报酬
约因是英美法系的合同有效成立要件之一,没有则合同不能依法强制履行。但是,大陆法系的合同则无此规定。
Now Therefore, in consideration of the premises and the covenants herein, contained, the parties hereto agree as follows:
兹以上述各点和契约所载条款为约因,订约双方协议如下:
In consideration of the payment to be made by Party A to Party B, Party B hereby covenants with Party A to complete the building in conformity with the provisions of the Contract.
乙方特此立约向甲方保证按合同规定完成工程建设,以取得甲方所付的报酬。
5. NOW, THEREFORE 兹特
此短语用于WHEREAS条款之后引出具体协议事项的常用开头语,并与其后hereby的结合。如果无HEREAS条款,则本短语可省略:
NOW, THEREFORE, it's hereby agreed and understood as follows;
兹特协议和谅解如下:
6. NOW THESE PRESENTS WITNESS 兹特立约为据
本句话也是用于WHEREAS条款之后引出具体协议事项。
PRESENTS = the present writings 是主语,WITNESS是谓语:
NOW THESE PRESENTS WITNESS that it is hereby agreed between the parties hereto as follows:
兹特立约为据,并由订约双方协议如下:
7. IN THE PRESENCE OF 见证人
本短语只在有见证人时使用—在订约双方当事人签名的下方由见证人签名作证,一般是相关的律师(Attorney)或公证处(Notary Public):
IN THE PRESENCE OF the parties hereto have hereunder set their respective hands and seals:
作为协议事项的证据,订约双方各自签名盖章如下:
For and on behalf the first Party(甲方代表):
The EMPLOYER (雇主)…
Capacity (职位) …
In the Presence of (见证人) …
Capacity (职位)…
Address (地址)…
For and on behalf of the Second party(乙方代表):
The CONTRACTOR (承包人) …
Capacity (职位)…
In the Presence of (见证人) …
Capacity (职位)…
Address (地址)…
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